PLA vs ABS: A Comparison Guide
Every industry uses components made with different forms of materials, and the versatility of materials includes PLA and ABS as the two material options.
ABS and PLA have numerous applications, and when compared to one another, they have similarities as well as differences. The guide below features a thorough comparison between PLA vs ABS, so let's read.
What is PLA (Polylactic Acid)?
PLA is polylactic acid, which is a thermoplastic polyester in semi-crystalline form. It is a bioplastic manufactured using plant scratch.
The origin of PLA is two monomers– lactic acid and lactide. PLA is preferred for 3D printing due to the ease of printing and biodegradability it offers; it is also environmentally friendly.
What is ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)?
ABS is a thermoplastic polymer that has an amorphous form and an irregular molecular structure. It is manufactured by polymerizing acrylonitrile and styrene. It is a tough plastic and is used in applications requiring impact resistance.
PLA Comparison to ABS
The advantages and disadvantages of PLA compared to ABS are as follows:
Advantages of PLA vs ABS
- PLA is easier to print at low temperatures and doesn't warp. It doesn't even need any enclosure-built chamber or a heated bed.
- PLA breaks down into by-products that are not toxic when subjected to the appropriate conditions.
- PLA offers affordability compared to ABS.
Disadvantages of PLA vs ABS
- PLA can crack easily as it has a brittle nature and cannot withstand impact.
- PLA also cannot withstand UV exposure for a longer span.
- The melting point of PLA is very low compared to ABS, and it is not suitable for use in high-temperature environments.
What’s the Difference Between PLA and ABS?
The difference between ABS and PLA is featured in the table below.
| Property | PLA | ABS |
| Density | 1.24 g/cm³ | 1.04 g/cm³ |
| Brittle | Yes | No |
| Melting Point | 150–160°C | 210–250°C |
| Tensile Strength | 50–70 MPa | 30–50 MPa |
| Impact Strength | Low | High |
| Elongation | 6–10% | 10–50% |
| Flexural Modulus | 3,500–4,000 MPa | 1,800–2,700 MPa |
| Biodegradable | Yes | No |
| UV Resistance | Poor | Moderate |
| Abrasion Resistant | Poor | Good |
| Chemical Resistance | Limited | Good |
| Glass Transition Temp. | 55–60°C | 100–110°C |
| Common Products | Food packaging, 3D printing | Automobile parts, electronic casings |
Surface Finishes and Post-processing for PLA and ABS
PLA and ABS, when manufactured, always have layers in the components. PLA has a glossy finish, whereas ABS has a matte finish.
ABS is turned smooth using acetone, and a glossy finish appears over it. Whereas sanding and additional processes of machining are also opted for ABS components. PLA can also be machined and sanded, but a lot of care is needed.
How Strong are PLA and ABS Parts?
PLA and ABS possess identical tensile strength, which makes them suitable for most prototyping applications. Engineers and designers prefer opting for ABS as it is highly ductile.
ABS has better elongation and, hence, is suitable for various applications. PLA is mostly selected for rapid prototyping, in which function is not critical, but the form is.
PLA is a suitable option for custom components if a lot of physical stress is not exercised. ABS is suitable for industrial applications and handles physical strain better than PLA.
How Heat Resistant are PLA and ABS?
ABS offers high heat resistance compared to PLA. PLA ends up losing its structural integrity when submitted to high temperatures and deforms.
Alternative Materials to PLA and ABS
PETG stands for Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol as an alternative to ABS and PLA. It is between ABS and PLA. It has excellent mechanical properties like ABS and ease of printing like PLA.
Conclusion
ABS and PLA both are highly versatile materials and can be used in many applications. If you are inclined to have the components made using any of these components, get in touch with us at DEK.
We offer manufacturing of custom components using different materials and processes using our years of experience and expertise.
