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CNC Machining Aluminum: Todo lo que debe saber

Austin Peng
Publicado en 9 Ago 2024
Contenido

The process of CNC machining offers excellent versatility in various applications. It is extremely compatible with most of the materials and aluminum machining is a popular one. Aluminum is among those materials which are highly flexible and hence custom aluminum parts can easily be achieved through CNC machining aluminum.

If you are inclined to learn more about the material aluminum and how it goes with CNC machining, this guide below should be your go-to guide for learning this topic. So, let's go through it.

What is CNC Machining Aluminum?

What is CNC Machining Aluminum

Aluminum machining is a very simple process that uses aluminum alloys and CNC machines to achieve the desired shape and layout of the custom aluminum machined parts. Aluminum CNC machining makes use of computer software which provides the CNC tools instructions for movement across the surface of the aluminum workpiece.

The process of machining aluminum offers highly precise and accurate components. Various grades of aluminum are highly machinable and hence are quite useful for multiple applications.

CNC Machining Aluminum Process

CNC Machining Aluminum Process

There are different types of processes involved in the CNC machining of aluminum and some of these comprise the following:

Torneado CNC

En Torneado CNC, the aluminum workpiece rotates around the cutting tool which stays in its stationary position. The cutting tool removes the excessive aluminum from the workpiece based on the movement of the tool as fed into the software.

Fresado CNC

Fresado CNC is a very common subtractive manufacturing process for aluminum machining. It involves removing material with a multi-point cutting tool that is rotated at high speeds along its axis, typically with the workpiece stationary and the tool rotating. However, 5-axis simultaneous machining can achieve the machining of complex shapes by moving either the tool or the workpiece to remove material.

Taladrado CNC

CNC drilling is a process in which holes are made in the aluminum workpiece. In the process of Taladrado CNC, a cutting tool rotates and moves in a straight line staying perpendicular to the surface and creating the hole at the desired position.

Benefits of Using Aluminum for CNC Machined Parts

Benefits of Using Aluminum for CNC Machined Parts

There are various advantages of using aluminum for CNC machined parts and some of these are as follows:

Maquinabilidad

Aluminum offers excellent machinability due to its softness, it can easily be shaped through the cutting tools of CNC machines. Aluminum parts that are subjected to CNC machining can easily be manufactured in less time and less cost due to this feature they possess.

Moreover, CNC milling machines are even capable of offering aluminum CNC machined parts that are equipped with tight tolerance and precision.

Resistant to Corrosion

Aluminum of different grades has different levels of corrosion resistance. However, most of the CNC machined parts of aluminum are quite commonly used in marine applications which require resistance against corrosion due to the moisture and atmospheric conditions in such applications. Aluminio 6061 is a highly resistant grade of aluminum against corrosion.

Robust Material

Aluminum is a robust material, although it is lightweight but the tensile strength of aluminum is very high. Hence, it offers an excellent strength-to-weight ratio which makes it suitable for aerospace and automobile parts.

Reciclable

Aluminum offers recyclability, Mecanizado CNC is a process of manufacturing that removes material from the workpiece and hence several aluminum chips are eliminated from the workpiece which causes ample leftover aluminum material. The best part is that these chips can easily be recycled which helps in minimizing wastage.

What Major Grades of Aluminum Are Used in CNC Machining?

Major Grades of Aluminum Are Used in CNC Machining

Aluminum is a very soft material and hence machining it in pure form could be challenging. Hence, alloys of aluminum prove to be suitable for the purpose of CNC machining as adding other elements offers it some strength. Some of the major grades of aluminum used in CNC machining are as follows:

Series 1xxx

The series 1xxx of aluminum alloy comprises 99% pure form of aluminum. The series 1xxx alloys of aluminum are known for their heat and electric conductivity and high ductility. These alloys are most commonly used in electrical applications and are among the softest forms of aluminum due to which they offer excellent formability and corrosion resistance.

Series 2xxx

Series 2xxx is an aluminum alloy that comprises copper, it offers high machinability but due to the copper presence in its composition, it is not as resistant to corrosion as other alloys of aluminum are. Aluminio 2024 contains manganese and magnesium, making it corrosion resistant, so it is opted for manufacturing aerospace components.

Series 3xxx

Series 3xxx aluminum alloy comprises manganese in its composition which adds formability. However, the series 3xxx aluminum alloys cannot be treated with heat and are suitable for applications that require moderate strength.

Series 4xxx

Series 4xxx is equipped with silicon which helps reduce the melting point of aluminum alloys. Although they have a low melting point, 4xxx series aluminum alloys are not brittle and can be used as welding wire. Aluminum 4043 and 4047 are commonly used general-purpose aluminum-silicon welding wires. This series of alloys is suitable for welding wire or construction applications.

Series 5xxx

In the series 5xxx aluminum alloy, manganese and magnesium are incorporated ensuring that the alloys of this series get high formability and tensile strength. It is also equipped with high resistance against corrosion. Series 5xxx alloys of aluminum are suitable for use in transportation and marine applications. Aluminio 5083 is an alloy that belongs to series 5xxx.

Series 6xxx

Aluminum alloys in series 6xxx are very versatile; they comprise elements like silicon and magnesium in a major composition. They are suitable for heat treatment and comprise aluminum 6061 which is one of the best machining aluminum. Aluminum 6061 is commonly available in sheets, plates, and extrusions, making it ideal for structural components, aircraft parts, and marine applications.

Series 7xxx

7xxx series aluminum alloys are composed of zinc, chromium, copper, and magnesium.  This series of aluminum alloys has good stress corrosion resistance and is the strongest of the aluminum alloys, making it internationally recognized as a mainstay material in the aerospace industry.

Aluminio 7075 is a representative alloy in the 7xxx series, and it is one of the strongest commercially available alloys, widely used in aircraft and marine components.

Surface Finishes for Aluminium CNC Machining

Anodizing Aluminum

After the CNC machining process, the aluminum parts may need additional acabado superficial to enhance the aesthetic look followed by physical and mechanical strength. Some of the surface finishing options in aluminum CNC machining are as follows:

Anodizado

El proceso de anodizado is an electrochemical technique in which the aluminum component is immersed in dilute sulphuric acid, during this immersion electric current is passed across the anode and cathode. It helps create a layer of aluminum oxide on the parts, which can improve the appearance and corrosion resistance of aluminum parts.

Granallado

Granallado enhances the aesthetic look of a CNC machined aluminum part, glass beads are blasted over the aluminum component using a high-pressure air gun. It helps to offer a smooth surface and gives a matte-finished look to the component.

Coating

El proceso de coating as the name suggests consists of applying coats of other materials like chromium, zinc, and nickel to improve the functionality of aluminum parts. The process of coating is carried out using electrochemical techniques.

Recubrimiento en polvo

El proceso de recubrimiento en polvo involves coating the aluminum machined component with different colors of polymer powder with the help of an electrostatic spray gun. The powder-coated part is then left for curing at 200 degrees centigrade. It makes the aluminum parts resistant to wear and tear.

Applications of Aluminium CNC Machining

Applications of Aluminium CNC Machining

There are various applications of aluminum machined parts in different industries and some of these are as follows:

Aeroespacial: Aluminum offers a high strength-to-weight ratio, which makes it suitable for aerospace components. Aircraft fittings, landing gear components, and wing ribs are commonly made using CNC machined aluminum as they need to be light in weight but robust in strength.

Automóvil: The automobile industry also opts for aluminum machined parts for their lightweight and robust strength; parts like shafts, engine blocks, and cylinder heads used in vehicles are manufactured using aluminum alloys. Aluminum also offers automobiles with improved performance and enhanced fuel efficiency.

Electrónica: CNC machined components made using aluminum alloys are widely known for their high electrical conductivity. Hence, electrical appliances are equipped with multiple aluminum machined components and the casings of laptops and other gadgets are also made using aluminum machined parts.

Sports: Machined aluminum helps manufacture sports equipment like whistles used for sports and baseball bats. Apart from this due to the high precision of CNC-machined aluminum golf equipment, fishing gear and rackets for tennis and badminton are also manufactured for the sports industry.

Aluminum CNC Machining Tips

Aluminum CNC machining is a versatile process and when you follow it correctly you can achieve the best components made using various aluminum alloys. Some of the  important tips to follow when machining aluminum are:

  1. Aluminum is available in different grades each having its nature and properties, selecting the right grade for the right application is a must. Some of the common grades of aluminum are aluminum 6061, 7075, and 2024.
  2. The speed required by aluminum for cutting is high which is usually around 200 to 300 meters per minute, hence you must maintain this speed. Also, a reasonable depth of cut is needed so always start with a shallow cut.
  3. En tool selection when working with aluminum is very important, carbide tools are best as they work well with aluminum due to their wear resistance and hardness.
  4. During the machining process aluminum may build up heat and to dissipate it, the right coolant must be used.
  5. Always keep an eye on the machining tool so that the quality and efficiency of the machining process are not compromised.

Conclusión

Learning about the aluminum material, its alloys, different CNC machining processes, and applications is very important before opting for custom aluminum machined parts. As you have gone through the guide above your insight into all the details related to CNC machining aluminum must be quite clear.

If you need to have custom aluminum machine parts manufactured for your applications you can contact DEK. We offer the finest high-quality CNC machining aluminum parts followed by relevant surface finishing to offer you a ready-to-use component for your industrial application.

Preguntas frecuentes

What are the best aluminum grades for CNC machining?

Aluminum 6061 and aluminum 7075 are the best aluminum grades. 6061 offers versatility whereas 7075 is known for its exemplary strength.

How Much Does CNC Machining Aluminum Cost?

The cost of CNC machining aluminum depends on various factors like the grade of aluminum alloy opted, the type of CNC machining process, the precision and tolerance required, and many more. To have a free quote on the cost you can contact DEK.

What are the alternatives to aluminum in CNC machining?

There are multiple alternatives to aluminum in CNC machining like steel, titanio, brass, magnesium, etc depending on the application.

Can DEK provide aluminum prototypes?

Yes, DEK can provide aluminum prototypes. DEK specializes in CNC machining and offers high-quality aluminum prototypes that are customized according to your project requirements.

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Austin Peng
Cofundador de DEK
AUTOR
¡Hola! Soy Austin Peng. Dirijo una fábrica especializada en mecanizado CNC, moldeo por inyección y fabricación de chapas metálicas para la producción de pequeñas cantidades y soluciones de prototipado rápido. Cuando no estoy inmerso en el trabajo, me encanta zambullirme en partidos de fútbol, explorar nuevos destinos de viaje, disfrutar de la música y mantenerme al día de las últimas tendencias tecnológicas. No dudes en charlar conmigo sobre cualquier tema, ya sea el trabajo o la vida.
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