13 Types of Plastics Used in Automotive Industry

Plastics are widely used in automobiles. They make vehicles lighter, help save fuel, and keep costs low. Each type of plastic has its own purpose. Learn the different types of plastics used in automotive industry to know which is the right one for your project.

Common Types of Plastics Used in Automotive Applications

Below are the 13 most common types of plastics used in cars.

1. Polypropylene (PP)

PP is a strong and flexible plastic that is used in many car parts, such as bumpers, gas cans, wire insulation, and door panels. It is lightweight so it helps improve fuel efficiency.

PP also resists heat, chemicals, and impact that’s why it’s reliable for both inside and outside of a car. Additionally, it is affordable so it helps manufacturers keep production costs low.

2. Polyurethane (PUR)

Polyurethane foam is commonly used in car seats because it provides great comfort and durability. It is also used for insulation inside the car to reduce noise and vibrations.

PUR is flexible and can be molded into different shapes, so it’s good for interior car parts. Also, it is recyclable and helps reduce emissions that’s why it’s an environmentally friendly option.

3. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) or Vinyl

PVC is a durable plastic used in many car components, such as body moldings, dashboards, door panels, and wiring insulation. It protects the underbody of the car from wear and tear, moisture, and corrosion.

PVC is also cost-effective and energy-efficient, as well as it can be recycled so it’s a sustainable choice for the automotive industry.

4. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

ABS is a lightweight but tough plastic used for exterior body panels, wheel covers, dashboards, and interior trims. It resists impact and maintains its shape well. This plastic makes car parts durable and long-lasting.

ABS is also easy to mold and can be painted or coated to match different car designs. Even though it offers a lot of benefits, it remains an affordable material compared to other options like carbon fiber.

5. Polyamide (PA) or Nylon

Polyamide, also known as Nylon, is a strong and heat-resistant plastic used in many engine and interior parts. You’ll find it in engine covers, air intake manifolds, and fuel system components.

PA is available in different grades, with each type suited for specific car parts. It withstands high temperatures and chemicals that’s why it’s ideal for engine-related components.

6. Polycarbonate (PC)

PC is a strong and impact-resistant plastic used in cars. You’ll find it in headlight lenses, windows, windshields, dashboards, interior trims, and exterior body panels.

PC is widely used because it doesn’t shatter easily so it’s a safe option for parts like headlights and taillights. It’s also transparent so it offers clear visibility in windows and sunroofs. This plastic can handle high temperatures that’s why it’s also used for engine areas. It also keeps its shape over time, so it won’t warp or degrade easily.

7. Polyethylene (PE)

PE is a strong and water-resistant plastic used in both the inside and outside of vehicles. You’ll find it in fender liners, rocker panels, door handles, and even protective car covers.

Since PE is lightweight, it’s great for parts that need to stay light, like fuel tanks, hoses, and tubing. It also resists chemicals like fuel, oil, and coolant so it’s ideal for components exposed to these substances.

PE is also flexible, so it’s used for seals, hoses, and tubing. It can be shaped easily, so it’s useful for long tubes and other extended parts. Plus, it’s durable, recyclable, and an environmentally friendly option for car manufacturers.

8. Polystyrene (PS)

PS is a lightweight and flexible plastic often used in cars. It’s commonly used for exterior parts like moldings, bumpers, grilles, and trims. PS is a great choice for mass production because it’s affordable and easy to work with. It also helps reduce noise and vibrations that’s why it’s used for interior parts like dashboards and door panels.

Plus, PS can be recycled, so it’s an eco-friendly option. However, it can be damaged by sunlight over time. To prevent this, manufacturers add special coatings or additives, but it’s still something to consider when choosing PS for car parts.

9. Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA)

ASA is a tough plastic that’s mostly used for car exteriors. It’s made from a mix of Acrylonitrile, Styrene, and Acrylate, which makes it durable and weather-resistant. It resists sun damage and stays strong in extreme weather conditions. It handles impact well without breaking easily. It holds up against chemicals like fuel and oil.

Because of these characteristics, you’ll find ASA in car body panels, spoilers, grilles, and trim parts.

10. Polyoxymethylene (POM)

POM is a tough and long-lasting plastic used in many vehicle parts. It has high stiffness, resists wear and tear, and stays stable in different conditions that’s why it’s used for exterior components.

It’s also used in fuel system parts because it resists fuel, oil, and solvents. Interior components stay strong, reduce friction, and last longer when they’re made with POM. Additionally, since POM resists wear, fatigue, and heat, it’s great for engine parts.

11. Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)

PMMA, also known as acrylic, is a clear plastic used for the inside and outside of vehicles. It’s commonly used for headlight and taillight lenses.

PMMA is very clear and offers excellent light transmission. It’s also weather-resistant, meaning it won’t yellow, crack, or become hazy after long exposure to sunlight. Additionally, it’s highly scratch-resistant so it’s ideal for surfaces that get touched often.

Since PMMA is easy to shape, designers can create stylish and functional car parts with it, like sleek instrument panels.

12. Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT)

PBT belongs to the polyester family and is made by combining specific chemicals. In the automotive industry, PBT is found in electrical components like connectors, switches, relays, and sensors. It is popular because it provides strength while keeping parts lightweight. It resists oil, fuel, and brake fluid, so it’s ideal for car components exposed to these substances.

Under the hood, it is used for engine covers, oil filter housings, and radiator tanks. On the exterior, you can find it in front grilles, mirror housings, and wheels. Inside the car, it’s used for door handles, seat belt components, and airbag housings.

It also maintains its shape and size despite changes in temperature and humidity, so it ensures that parts function properly in different weather conditions. Since it does not absorb much water, it is less likely to corrode or degrade over time.

13. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)

PET is another plastic used in vehicles, often in the form of fibers, films, and foams. In windows, PET films help prevent glass from shattering in accidents. It also protects headlights and taillights from scratches and UV damage.

Inside the car, PET foams are used for door panels, dashboards, and headliners because it’s lightweight and durable. PET is strong and impact-resistant, so it’s great for interior panels and trims.

Since PET is easy to manufacture, it keeps production costs low. Manufacturers also prefer PET because it allows for creative vehicle designs that may not be possible with metal. Unlike metal, PET does not rust when scratched, and dents or scrapes are easier to repair.

Additionally, PET is highly recyclable so it’s a more sustainable option as the automotive industry works to reduce environmental impact.

Advantages of Using Plastics in the Automotive Industry

Using plastics for making vehicle parts offers many benefits, such as the following:

Safety and Comfort

Plastics help protect you in a car. Bumpers, airbags, seat belts, and child seats use strong plastic to absorb impact and keep passengers safe.

Plastics also make the ride comfortable by blocking UV rays, reducing noise, and adding cushioning.

Ligero

Plastics are much lighter than metals. They help vehicles use less fuel or battery power. Lighter vehicles perform better– making fuel-powered vehicles more efficient and electric vehicles last longer on a single charge.

No Rust or Corrosion

Unlike metals, plastics do not rust. This makes them perfect for car parts exposed to moisture, chemicals, and harsh weather. Durable plastics like PEEK and PE last longer in extreme conditions.

Saves Energy in Manufacturing

Plastics require less energy to make and transport than metals. They are easier to produce, reducing time and labor costs. Many plastics can also be recycled, which saves energy and reduces waste.

Innovation and Creativity

Plastics help automotive manufacturers create new designs and technologies.

They are easy to mold into complex shapes that’s why they are ideal for modern car parts including those used in self-driving vehicles. They are strong, flexible, and easier to shape than metals.

Easy to Customize and Improve

You can improve plastics by adding UV protection, color, and other features. This makes them perfect for different car parts. For example, a reinforced PC is used for bumpers, while a clear PC is great for headlamp lenses.

Rentable

Plastics are cheaper than metals but still strong and durable. For example, a PC in headlights costs around $1.5/kg, while glass costs $2/kg. Manufacturing plastic parts is also more affordable, especially for large production runs.

Disadvantages of Using Plastics in the Automotive Industry

While plastics have many benefits in automotive, they also have some downsides as discussed below.

Environmental Impact

Plastics are not biodegradable so they take a long time to break down. If not recycled properly, they contribute to pollution and harm the environment. While some plastics can be recycled, not all types are reusable, leading to waste.

Lower Heat Resistance

Plastics can melt or deform when exposed to high temperatures. This can be a problem for vehicle parts near the engine or exhaust system, where extreme heat is common. Special heat-resistant plastics can help, but they are often more expensive.

Less Strength Compared to Metal

Plastics are durable but not as strong as metals. They can crack, break, or wear out faster, especially under heavy stress. This can make them less suitable for structural vehicle parts that need to handle high pressure or impact.

Higher Repair and Replacement Costs

Plastic parts can be difficult or expensive to repair. Unlike metal, which can often be welded or reshaped, damaged plastic parts usually need to be replaced entirely. This increases maintenance costs for vehicle owners.

Sensitivity to UV Damage

Plastics can degrade when exposed to sunlight for long periods. UV rays can cause them to fade, crack, or become brittle. Special coatings for UV-resistant additives can help, but they add to the cost.

Fire Hazard

Some plastics are highly flammable and can release toxic fumes when burned. Fire-resistant plastics exist, but they are more expensive and not always used in all vehicle parts.

How to Choose the Right Plastic for Your Project?

Choosing the right plastic for manufacturing automotive parts is important. You need to consider cost, availability, and strength. That’s why it’s crucial to work with a reliable plastic fabrication service.

DEK - Your Partner for Making Plastic Automotive Parts

En DEK, we use high-quality plastic materials to manufacture high-quality plastic automotive parts. We offer injection molding, Mecanizado CNC, 3D printing, and more– all with a focus on speed and quality.

Our services come at competitive prices with fast turnaround times. Get a free quote when you contact us!

Conclusión

Now you know what kind of plastic is used in cars and other kind of vehicles. Plastics make vehicles lighter, fuel-efficient, and affordable. Understanding the purpose of each type of plastic can help you choose the right one for your project.

Preguntas frecuentes

Can you use plastic for car batteries?

Yes, you can use plastics like PP, PE, PVC, and ABS for car batteries.

What is the best way to manufacture plastic vehicle parts?

The best method depends on different factors. However, injection molding is the top choice for most plastic automotive parts because it allows mass production at a lower cost. Another good option is CNC machining for precise and complex designs.

Which is stronger, PVC or ABS?

It depends on the environment. ABS is stronger in cold weather, while PVC is stronger in sunlight. That’s why ABS is a better choice for car parts used inside a vehicle.