3-Axis vs 5-Axis CNC Machining: Which is Better?
CNC machining has different types and tooling processes, among which 3-axis machining and 5-axis machining are also widely opted.
The two of these processes differ from one another. If you are inclined to learn about 3-axis vs 5-axis CNC machining, you can read this guide below.
What is 3-Axis CNC Machining?
3-axis CNC machines have a cutting tool that moves in three directions, which are the three linear axes. The x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis are the directions covered by a 3-axis CNC machine.
The x-axis is left to right movement horizontally, y-axis is up to down movement horizontally, and z-axis is the vertical movement of the cutting tool.
Advantages of 3-axis CNC Machining
O 3-axis CNC machining offers some benefits, which are as follows:
- 3-axis CNC machines are cheaper compared to the ones which have more axes.
- These are very easy to use and don't need any complex training beforehand.
- The programming of 3-axis CNC machines is simpler and any changes in the design can be achieved easily.
- The 3-axis machines are low maintenance and have a simple structure, which can be easy to maintain.
Disadvantages of 3-axis CNC Machining
The 3-axis CNC machining has some downsides, which are as follows:
- 3-axis CNC machines are slow in manufacturing when compared with machines with more axes.
- They cannot create parts that have complex shapes.
- The parts need to be realigned repeatedly during machining, which impacts productivity.
- The precision of 3-axis CNC machines is lesser than the ones which have more axes.
What is 5-Axis CNC Machining?
5-axis CNC machines have three linear and two rotary axes. The x, y, and z axes move in linear directions, and there is the A and B axis, which moves the cutting tools in rotary movements along any of the two x, y, and z-axis.
Advantages of 5-axis CNC Machining
Maquinação de 5 eixos comes with different benefits, and some of these are the following:
- 5-axis machines are capable of working on a component that has complex geometry.
- It has the capability to machine from multiple sides having a single setup.
- It is highly precise and can produce accurate cuts.
Disadvantages of 5-axis CNC Machining
The downsides of 5-axis CNC machining may be the following:
- 5-axis CNC machines are expensive compared to the 3-axis and 4-axis machines.
- These machines even have high maintenance requirements.
- 5-axis machines involve complex programming as there are additional axes in it.
3-axis and 5-axis Comprehensive Comparison
This section is composed of a detailed comparison between 3-axis and 5-axis CNC machining.
Number of Controlled Axes
The 3-axis machine has three linear axes and they can work on simple components on which undercut and contours are not required.
Meanwhile, 5-axis machines, along with linear axes, also have a rotary axis. Hence, the workpiece can have curved and complex angles.
Movement and Machining Flexibility
A 3-axis machining cuts components in straight and linear movements and requires manual repositioning.
The 5-axis machine is flexible and can work with complex shapes in a single setup without repositioning the component. It can also create precise and detailed features.
Operating Procedures
3-axis CNC machines are very easy to program and do not need much programming experience.
5-axis CNC machining requires advanced programming and sufficient expertise to have the required designs.
Time and Precision
3-axis machining needs multiple setups, which increases the time of the cycle. It also leads to a high risk of errors due to the repositioning of components. Hence, achieving precision in 3-axis machining is a bit challenging and time-consuming task.
5-axis machining has the ability to handle all the complex shapes in a single setup, which reduces the machining time and offers high precision.
Considerações sobre os custos
3-axis machining is cheaper, and the investment is less, followed by low maintenance costs.
5-axis machines are expensive and also need high maintenance, which increases operational expenses.
Tool Wear and Maintenance
3-axis machines have less tool wear as they have breaks in between when multiple setups are needed. Meanwhile, in 5-axis machining, the tools work continuously, and their life is less due to high wear.
Industry Applications of 3-Axis vs. 5-Axis CNC Machining
The industrial applications of 3-axis vs 5-axis CNC machining are given below.
3-axis CNC Machining Applications
Automóvel: It is very commonly used for machining basic components for automobiles, such as brackets, housing, and engine parts. These components have simple shapes and can hence be manufactured very efficiently and affordably through 3-axis CNC machining.
Mobiliário: Wood-based products and furniture are manufactured using 3-axis machines, which can mill, drill, and carve the workpiece with simple designs.
Metal Fabrication: 3-axis machines are used for metal fabrication and can create slots, pockets, and holes in metal parts.
5-axis CNC Machining Applications
Indústria aeroespacial: 5-axis machining creates highly precise components with complex shapes and tight tolerances used in aerospace. These components include airfoils, structural parts, and turbine blades.
Setor médico: 5-axis machining is also commonly opted for medical implants and manufacturing tools for surgery. These are complex and need precision.
Tools and Die: Tools and dies that have complex shapes and are used in injection molding are manufactured through 5-axis machining. It helps to create deep cavities and fine details.
To Sum Up
When comparing 3-axis and 5-axis machining, both processes have their pros and cons. Certain components are manufactured through 3-axis machining due to the suitability it offers, and some are manufactured through 5-axis machining.
As you have read this guide, you can decide which option is suitable for your application.
Work With DEK
Nós da DEK offer versatile machining services and consider the application requirement, your budget, and the material you plan to use in the components.
Hence, when you take the machining services from us, we can help you make a relevant decision between 3-axis and 5-axis machining.
FAQs
What is the main difference between 3-axis and 5-axis CNC machining?
The main difference between 3-axis and 5-axis machining is that a 3-axis machine has three linear axes, and the 5-axis machine has two additional rotary axes with the three linear ones.
Which industries benefit the most from 3-axis CNC machining?
3-axis CNC machines are suitable for manufacturing simple components; hence, the automobile industry uses them for this purpose.
How does the number of axes affect the precision of the final product?
The number of axes in the machine impacts the precision of the component. It allows for accurate and complex movements with better control.
How to choose between 3-axis and 5-axis CNC machining?
Depending on the complexity of the part, you can choose between 3-axis and 5-axis machining. If the component is less complex, 3-axis machining is suitable, but if it has a complex shape, 5-axis machining is suitable.
