3 Axis CNC Machining: Process & Applications
CNC machines are highly versatile, and they offer various functions. 3-axis CNC machining is also a type of CNC machining process that helps in manufacturing components for different projects.
If you want to learn about 3-axis machining, you can go through this guide below.
What is 3 Axis CNC Machining?
3-axis machine is a CNC machine that involves multiple axes when it comes to cutting. This machine works in three different axes: the x, y, and z axes.
It offers a highly precise machining process when it comes to removing material and helps to create components that are accurate and detailed.
The Process of 3 Axis CNC Machining
3 axis CNC machining works step by step in an appropriate workflow, and it is discussed in detail below:
Creating a Design
The process of 3-axis CNC machining starts by creating a digital design of the component in the CAD software. This model represents the final design and provides details of features and dimensions that will have to be moved from CAD File to CAM File.
Once you have created the CAD model, it is then converted into the CAM file. This CAM file translates the model into a G-code, which gives CNC machine instructions for the movement of the cutting tool.
Preparing CNC Machine
The CNC machine is prepared, and the workpiece is mounted on the machine; required tools are also installed. It is very important to have an accurate setup to ensure that errors are prevented during machining.
Operation of Machine
When the G-code is set up, the machine is loaded, and the process of machining takes place. Operations like drilling, cutting, and shaping the component are done, and based on the complexity of the component, the tools are changed.
Inspeção da qualidade
Once the machining process is complete, the component is inspected to check if it meets the given specifications or not. Precision instruments are used to check the dimensions, and in case of deviations, adjustments are made.
Finishing Process
After machining components, they might need secondary finishing. It helps to smoothen the surface of the components or remove the brush. These processes consist of deburring, polishing, anodizing, electroplating, etc.
Pros of 3 Axis CNC Machining
O processo de 3-axis CNC machining offers multiple benefits, and some of these are as follows:
High Accuracy: CNC machining is a process that ensures that the components manufactured are highly accurate. The process of a 3-axis CNC machine offers optimal results.
Versatilidade: 3-axis machining is a versatile process and is capable of working with different materials and creating complex geometries.
Eficiência: 3-axis machining optimizes the use of energy, and hence, the process is highly energy efficient.
Automation: CNC machines are automated, which reduces the chance of errors and boosts the productivity of the process.
Cons of 3 Axis CNC Machining
3 axis CNC machining has some downsides along with benefits which are also considerable; these are given below:
- 3 axis machining creates detailed components, but the complexity it can offer in machining components is still limited to a certain extent.
- The time required for the set of machining is longer if the part is complex, which increases the delay in producing the component.
- 3 axis machines are expensive. Therefore, the cost of maintaining, buying, and operating them may be high when opting for low-volume production.
Machines Used in 3 Axis CNC Machining
The 3-axis machining uses different types of machines, and each machine carries out a different purpose; these machines are as follows:
3-Axis Milling Machine
The 3-axis milling machine works on three axes and even rotates on three axes. It supports cutting the workpiece in three directions at a time and works well when the components manufactured are rectangular in shape.
3-Axis CNC Machining Centre
The 3-axis machining center is a mill that can perform tapping, drilling, and milling and offers highly complex parts.
3-Axis Lathes
3-axis lathes tend to manufacture components in cylindrical shapes and consist of a spindle that rotates the workpiece.
3-Axis CNC Routers
3-axis CNC routers are common in woodworking applications to create intricate furniture patterns. It also helps cut soft materials like foam and plastics.
3-Axis Engraving CNC Machines
3-axis CNC engraving machines are used to carve surfaces, which helps to create precise engraved patterns in the workpieces.
3-Axis CNC Plasma Cutters
The plasma-cutting process creates precise components using thick materials. The 3-axis CNC plasma cutters move the tool in various directions. These directions are up, down, forward, left, right, and backward so that the slices of metal sheets can be attained.
Applications of 3 Axis CNC Machining
3-axis CNC machining is used in various industries, and some of its applications are as follows:
Indústria automóvel: 3 axis CNC machining is used in this industry for manufacturing automobile parts, like gearboxes, engine components, and other custom auto parts.
Indústria aeroespacial: The aerospace Industry requires highly precise components. Airfoils, turbine parts, and instrument panels for this industry are manufactured using 3 axis CNC machining.
Electronics Industry: 3 axis machines create components for electronic instruments, such as semiconductors, enclosures, and motherboards.
Mold and Die Creation: The process of 3 axis CNC machining caters to the complexity and precision of the dies and molds to manufacture them.
Setor médico: Medical components used for surgeries and orthopedic implants are manufactured through 3 axis CNC machining.
Jewelry Industry: Jewelry pieces require high quality and precise finishing and design, which is achieved through 3-axis machines.
Woodworking and Furniture Industry: 3-axis CNC routing machines help to carve and shape the components used in furniture and other woodwork.
3-Axis CNC Machining vs. 5-Axis CNC Machining
3-axis and Maquinação CNC de 5 eixos are different in terms of the directions in which the CNC cutting tool moves.
In 3-axis CNC machining, the movement of the cutting tool takes place in just three axes, X, Y, and Z. Whereas, in 5-axis CNC machining, along with the X, Y, and Z axis, the machine also moves in A and B axis which are for rotations.
Hence, the components manufactured in 5-axis CNC machines are highly complex and can also have pockets and undercuts. The cost of 5-axis CNC machines is high compared to 3-axis CNC machines, and they are even more complex to operate.
Start Your CNC Machining Project with DEK
If you are starting a new project where you need assistance with 3-axis CNC machines and want to have components manufactured, contact us at DEK.
We offer a wide range of CNC machining services, which are composed of different types of 3-axis CNC machining processes. We can manufacture high-quality, precise, and durable components according to your specifications.
Conclusão
Understanding the concept of 3-axis CNC machining is very important before starting the project. The guide above has all the relevant information, including pros, cons, and applications.
So now, everything regarding 3-axis machining must be clear, and you can now make informed decisions for your project.
